What is wrong with the idea that human visual perception is achieved Essay

What is wrong with the idea that human visual perception is achieved by a single area of the brain that simply reflects the cisual information coming from the e - Essay Example the optic nerves which consist of about a million nerve fibers and contain axons arising from the inner, ganglion-cell layer of the retina (Guyton & Hall, 1996; Waxman, 2000). The arrangement at the optic chiasm allows the left hemisphere to receive visual information about the contralateral half of the visual world and vice-versa (Guyton & Hall, 1996; Waxman, 2000). Moreover, the fibers of each optic tract synapse in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and from here, the geniculocalcarine fibers pass by way of the optic radiation to the primary visual cortex in the calcarine area of the occipital lobe (Guyton & Hall, 1996). The most important cortical region for visual processing is Area V1 in the occipital lobe because it is the first stop in the cortex and almost all of the signals that the other cortical regions get must pass through it which is why Area V1 is often referred to as the primary visual cortex or striate cortex (Coren, Ward, & Enns, 1999). Hubel and Wiesel found cells in the cortex with receptive fields that have excitatory and inhibitory areas and are arranged side-by-side rather than in a center-surround configuration (Goldstein, 2007). Simple cortical cells are cells which have these side-by-side receptive fields mentioned previously and these cells respond best to bars of a particular orientation (Goldstein, 2007). Other kinds of cells in Area V1 are even tuned to more complicated pattern properties of the stimulus such as complex cortical cells which respond best to movement of a correctly oriented bar across the receptive field, and at an even more complicated level of analysis than the complex cells are hypercomplex or end-stopped cortical cells that respond not only to the orientation and direction of movement of the stimulus but also to the length, width, or other features of shapes, such as the presence of corners (Coren, Ward, & Enns, 1999; Goldstein, 2007). Simple, complex, and hypercomplex cells are refer red to as feature

Critique of a research report Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critique of a report - Research Paper Example 193). Due to a variety of factors such as failure to meet academic guidelines, escalating cost of education, and economic crisis, attrition to nurse anesthesia programs requires attention. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2004) recommended advance practitioners such as nurse anesthetist to have Doctor of Nursing Practice as a terminal degree(Burns, 2011, p. 193). In line with this, reinforcing the need for studying different variables in nurse anesthesia programs and academic progression increased. Despite a 20-year review of the literature, only descriptive or outcome studies were found to demonstrate the relationship between preadmission variables and academic progression. The research paper lacks empirical studies and evidences linking preadmission variables, academic progression, and attrition. Thus, limited number of available information and literature reviews requires the need for future researches. The research paper aims to study the relationship between admi ssion criteria, critical care, and academic progression to nurse anesthesia programs.

Asian business and finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Asian business and finance - Essay Example Australia, as this was a big opportunity to expand the gambling and entertainment industry in Asia5. By last year, 2006, there are 23 established casinos alongside other illegal gambling dens in Macau and the number of casinos is expected to rise. Along the development of the gambling entertainment industry mimicking Las Vegas are also the opening up of theme parks. In comparison, Hong Kong in terms of size is larger than Macau and in terms of historic significance has benefited quite well under the administration of the British government who levied a low flat income tax rate over Hong Kong before the handover in 1997. Although Hong Kong is slightly struggling politically under the leadership of the People's Republic of China (PRC), nonetheless its economic background is still going strong6. Considering that there is a small population in Macau and in Hong Kong an influx of expatriates and migrants from the Chinese mainland there is a steady, albeit more of a 'second choice' among Hong Kongers to move to Macau in search of work. Recently, Hong Kong's economic boom has been moving steadily although its tourism industry hasn't yet been able to fully recover from the Asian crisis and despite increasing numbers of tourists in 1999 to the year 20007, there is an actual decline in the tourism and hospitality industry. This is attributed to the spread of the SARS virus in Hong Kong and its open reputation for bad service. In fact, with the PRC's diversification of economy Hong Kong is no longer seen as the main financial base for the country and with this in mind if Macau's tourism industry will continue to grow it will finally overcome being under the shadow of Hong Kong's prominence. As I have mentioned above,... Macau’s increased attention by the Chinese government has resulted in China trying to diversify the economy. The PRC’s extensive means as to allow Macau to be the ‘gambling’ and entertainment hub of Asia will result in the creation of many and new jobs for the Chinese population, however Hong Kong’s slump in the tourism industry will greatly reflect on the Special Administrative Region as it is one of the major income earners for Hong Kong. The SAR however has taken steps to revive the Hong Kong tourism and hospitality industry including the Disneyland project that completed in September 2005, and last year, 2006, there were a series of tourist attractions and countless advertisements to give Hong Kong another go as a tourist destination. Although this move has yet to be seen in terms of Macau’s development as an ‘adult entertainment’ hub but it could be projected that with different aims on the two SARs could well benefit Chinaâ €™s transition towards mobilization of the modern economic global market. But Macau is selling itself short to say the least, it has not exploited its cultural traits, evident from the several Portuguese monuments that line the peninsula, it hasn’t fully understood its potential as Cheng has aptly put, its cultural ‘janus’, its fusion heritage that is nearly half a millennium old. It could have used these monuments to build Macau up not only as an ‘adult entertainment’ hub but a cultural heritage hub that needs China’s protection and maintenance.

Legal Aspect of Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Legal Aspect of Nursing - Essay Example A clear assessment of the evidence of the case study indicates that this is a clear case of negligence which rightfully warrants for suspension. According to the investigations, the only evidence on the nurse is her failure to tally the records between the computerized cabinet and the handwritten documentation. Considering the nurse’s reputation for the twenty-five years she was working at the hospital, she at least was supposed to be given some consideration. The claims of the nurse diverting narcotics from the cabinet do not hold ground because there is no evidence that directly points to her doing the act. The only available evidence is the records which suggest the possibility of such malpractice but still remain unproven. Chances are high that the testimonies by the other nurses will affect the case in a positive way for the defendant. This will aid in proving to the court that the defendant is not diverting narcotics for selfish gain from the hospital and the errors in t he reports can only be a case of negligence. The testimonies from the other nurses are enough to turn the case around implicating the hospital as the defendant. The court will be able to see that cases of negligence in the healthcare unit are common, which means that there is a high chance of the health care being subject to mismanagement. Following the turn of events in the case, the institution has to address some questions to clarify to the court why certain behaviors take place and the reason for certain decisions.... be able to see that cases of negligence in the health care unit are common, which means that there is a high chance of the health care being subject to mismanagement. Following the turn of events in the case, the institution has to address some questions to clarify to the court why certain behaviors take place and the reason for certain decisions. The institution will have to address the court on why there were more nurses admitting to have commit cases of negligence such as filing the records with wrong information. It will also have to address the qualifications of the nurses in the hospital and why is seems that there is a lack of proper supervision at the hospital to curb the cases of malpractice by the nurses. The institution will need to produce further evidence on the nurse to prove their claims concerning the theft of the narcotics as the nurse seems to have a clean record for her 25 years at the institution. The nurse deserves leniency at best a pardon for her negligence cha rges. This is because of her clean record and reputation for her 25 years at the hospital. It is also because there was enough evidence from the testimonies to prove that it was a normal error following the hefty work of the institution. On the matter of committing a malpractice by diverting narcotics for personal gain the right judgment is to dismiss the case due to lack of enough evidence. The institution needs to at least have evidence of the nurse either abusing the narcotics herself or prove that she is trading them for personal gain. There is violation of various principles that involve protecting patient safety that arise in this case. One key principle is the proper administration of medications to patients; an error in medication endangers the safety of the patient (Austin, 2008).

File System Analysis and computer forensics Research Paper

File System Analysis and computer forensics - Research Paper Example Such kind of little level tools having an added advantage of removing false information that may be maliciously adapted by the file system code. This paper discusses the the employment of file system analysis in computer forensics, using file system analysis in different fields, as in Linux and others as well as the tools used in the file system analysis. Employing File System Analysis in Computers Forensics Computer forensics is part of numerical forensic science relating to legal indication that is found in the computers as well as digital storing means. Its main objective is to inspect digital means in a forensically way of sound with the purpose of improving, conserving, recognizing and giving facts as well as opinions around a certain info. Nelson, Phillips & Steuart, (2010) assert that even though it is mostly related with the study of corruption in computers, it may as well be used in civil records. They add that it involves alike methods and even the values of recovery of dat a. The indication from computer forensics inquiries is normally exposed to the similar rules and practices of other numerical indication and has been used in several cases. They argue that it is almost becoming accepted within the U.S as well as court system in Europea (Nelson, Phillips & Steuart, 2010). ... The newly used forensic software have got their individual gears for recovering data that is deleted. The inspection of PCs from the operating system with the use of sysadmin gears to get out evidence. The process is very important when you are mostly dealing with encrypting file system (Nelson, Phillips & Steuart, 2010). Using File System Analysis: Files are actually made up of two substances that are dissimilar where each and every file has got an inode linked to it that has metadata over that file. What the file contains are stored in form of datablocks. There are only 15 block pointers in the inode in Unix. If there are data blocks of 4K, then the likelihood of the file that is going to be addressed is about 60K. Linux supports a lot of dissimilar file systems, but mutual choices for these system disk on a block devices comprise ext* family (for instance the ext2, the ext3 as well as ext4), the btrfs, ReiserFS, XFS and JFS. There is also the UBIFS, JFFS2 and YAFFS between others, that can be used for raw flash that are without a Memory Technology Device (MTD) or even Flash Translation Layer (FTL). The usually compressed read only file system is the SquashFS. The SRM Windows File System collects statistics on the disk and file system properties that is connected to the machine. The data collected here is abridged through a lot of reports that may be to some extent modified with charts in the bang manager. FAT, FAT16, FAT32 as well as NTFS are some types of sytems files that can be maintained by the SRM Windows File System Agent for Windows and also supports discovery as well as discovery and analysis types of gathering data. HFS+ are said to be the most leading file systems that are found on any Macintosh. To identify the file system, someone may be

Discuss inequality in the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Programme Essay

Discuss inequality in the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Programme (SAWP) in relation to employment and citizenship - Essay Example The employment for immigrant seasonal agricultural workers is fast rising as the industry expands. However, there had been many complaints of abuses and practices of inequality in the treatment of the seasonal-hired workers even if the manual tasks in the farm for the farm growers were rejected by Canadians and residents themselves. This paper will discuss how SAWP and non-citizenship of workers lead to practices of inequality and abuse. Discussion The SAWP has good intensions: to fill in the need for more workers for economic growth, and provide employment for foreigners who need them. They were chosen for gender (mostly males), have commitment at home or dependents to make them want to return (temporary) and from needy countries without lands to till and poor (Preibisch and Ecalada Grez, 297). However, many of these seasonal workers report negative experiences of inequality from their employers and local co-workers. The documentary film El Contrato of Min Sook Lee showed the stark condition of Mexican contract workers in Canada under the SAWP. The film through the accounts of several workers narrates allegations of exploitation to the point of slavery for these short-termed workers. Accusations ran from seven-days a week of continued work, taxed salaries which were said to be provided to them in full at $7/hour of work time, cramped living quarters, farm factory kitchens without chairs for dining, forced work more than the specified hours in their contract (Preibisch and Ecalada Grez, 298) and even reduced salaries. The film also showed how the workers sought to have dialogue with their employers and consulate, and sought help whichever way they can. However, despite the promises, the abusive practices of the workers’ supervisors of yelling, physical attack, reduced compensations, health hazards and accidents, lack of medical assistance, among others, were sustained. Preibisch and Ecalada Grez (297) spoke of other abuses on workers that include segrega tion of workers, and preference for majority of males for manual and work requiring carrying of loads, while females for fruit handling and packaging. These practices were seen to be reinforced by their status as non-migrants and non-citizens who have no legal option to become migrants and citizens. The SAWP was an answer to the refusal of residents and Canadians to tackle agricultural work for reasons of low wages, unsafe and unacceptable working conditions, its seasonal character, and poorly regulated labor environment (Sharma, 248). The farm jobs given the SAWP workers have been described as 3D- dirty, dangerous and difficult (Villegas, 9 Lecture notes). Another unacceptable practice is the lack of safety among workers such as the absence of information of the dangers posed by pesticide exposures, farm machineries and equipment. Seasonal workers are not aware that these are threats to their health. Where there was harm done, medical attention was also delayed if provided at all. Since, these workers live in the farm, their employers provide housing. However, most of these housing units were substandard (Lee, film; Sharma, 249). These has been seen to be promoted in part by Bill C-11 introduced in March 2001 of which there is increased security in Canadian borders, provision of flexible employment terms for

The implications of culture on development of regional marketing Essay

The implications of culture on development of regional marketing strategies - Essay Example Consumers in economies where the financial condition of the region is only developing are relatively more inclined towards considering the price before they consider the brand of the product or service. It is can be observed in this case that the economy of the region has a widespread influence on consumption behaviours. It would therefore be a question to consider whether or not the cultural values of a region, which are just as widespread and more deep-rooted, influence consumer consumption and the consumers’ responses to the market as well. The study performed by Merrilees, McKenzie and Miller was one that was based on the differences between consumer responses to the practice of retailing across different cultures. It was found that the "cultural factors seem to be important in explaining the differences across the two countries... Retail marketing strategy needs to tailor itself to these different market needs, though the likeliness is that the Estonian situation will gradually evolve toward the Canadian one and Estonian retail strategy will have to be flexible to eventually move in that direction"2. While the above statement appears to have provided a comprehensive illustration of the findings of the research, it can be observed that there is room for the evaluation of the consumers’ responses to marketing across differing cultures. A research conducted by Laroche found that culture plays the role of a differentiator between the usages of mechanical avoidance methods across consumers of different countries. The research suggested that even though marketing and promotion is subjected to negative mechanical avoidance, the exercising of behavioural avoidance towards marketing and promotion was found to be reliant on the culture of the respective country3. Laroche, and Cleveland and Laroche believe that culture holds a position that is of undeniable relevance when considered for its influence on the decision making process that consumers